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Status of Sanitation Facilities and Hygiene Practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Received: 6 June 2019     Accepted: 9 July 2019     Published: 26 July 2019
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Abstract

The study was a descriptive study, designed to describe the status of sanitation facilities and hygiene practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Five communities were selected by simple random sampling for the study. Multi-stage random sampling technique which involved four stages was used to select 410 households and structured questionnaire, observation and key-informant interview were used for data collection. The statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS version 20) and MS Excel (2010) were used for data analysis. Results from the study shows that 46.1% of respondents used borehole water as main source of water. Basic types of toilet facilities available in the studied communities were inadequate and substandard; this further compound the already existing poor sanitation and unsafe hygiene practices (26.6% traditional pit latrine). Approximately 52.9% of respondents had handwashing stand to wash hands after defecating while 5.4% used basin with tap for handwashing. 53.9% of respondents washed hands with water only, while 45.6% of respondents washed hands with soap. The lack of access to potable water supply and toilet facilities could affect the general hygiene status of the communities. It was recommended among others that the government should provide more basic sanitary facilities and adequate potable water. Good personal and community hygiene requires sufficient water and basic sanitary facilities.

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12
Page(s) 65-70
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sanitation Facilities, Hygiene Practices, Communities

References
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[2] WHO (2004): Water, Sanitation and Hygiene link in Health. Fact and Figures. Geneva, WHO.
[3] NPC (2004). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2003.
[4] Prasetyoputra, P. & Irinti, S. (2013). Access to Improved Sanitation Facilities in Indonesia: An Econometric Analysis of Geographical and Socioeconomic Disparities. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, (3), 215–224.
[5] Adams, E. A., Boateng, G. O. & Amoyaw, J. A. (2016). Socioeconomic and demographic predictors of potable water and sanitation access in Ghana. Social Indicator Research, 126 (2), 673–687.
[6] Yohannes, T., Workicho, A. & Asefa, H. A. (2016). Cross Sectional Study: Availability of Improved Sanitation Facilities and Associated Factors among Rural Communities in Lemo Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Open Access Library Journal, 1 (8), 1-10.
[7] Tumwebaze, I. K., Orach, C. G., Niwagaba, C., Luthi, C. & Mosler, H. J. (2013). Sanitation facilities in Kampala slums, Uganda: Users’ satisfaction and determinant factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 23 (3), 191–204.
[8] WHO/UNICEF (2015). Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2015 Update and MDG Assessment. Geneva and New York: WHO and UNICEF.
[9] Aremu, A. S. (2012). Assessment of Sanitation Facilities in Primary Schools within Ilorin, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 7 (1), 29-33.
[10] Luthi, C. (2012). Community-based environmental sanitation planning approaches for the South: the household centred approach. Berlin.
[11] Nwankwo, B. (2011). Evaluation of Environmental Sanitation in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo state. Research Journal of Medical Science 3 (4), 137-140.
[12] Okoi-uyouyo. (2002). Yakurr systems of kinship, family and marriages 98.
[13] Amina J. J (2005). MDGs and the city Nigeria Experience. Paper presented at the Common Wealth Association Planner’s Workshop, Abuja Nigeria.
[14] Aremu, A. S. (2012). Assessment of Sanitation Facilities in Primary Schools within Ilorin, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 7 (1), 29-33.
[15] Luthi, C. (2012). Community-based environmental sanitation planning approaches for the South: the household centred approach. Berlin.
[16] Nwankwo, B. (2011). Evaluation of Environmental Sanitation in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo state. Research Journal of Medical Science 3 (4), 137-140.
[17] World Bank (2005): The handwashing handbook: A guide for developing a hygiene promotion program to increase handwashing with soap. Washington, D. C, World Bank Group.
[18] Adefunke O, Folashade O, Omokhodion, and Joshua FO (1998): Environmental and Personal Hygiene Practices: Risk Factors for Diarrhoea among Children of Nigeria Market Women. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 4: 241-247.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ibiang Arikpo Oka, Nurudeen Sobowale Olaniran, Ozah Hosea Peter. (2019). Status of Sanitation Facilities and Hygiene Practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7(3), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12

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    ACS Style

    Ibiang Arikpo Oka; Nurudeen Sobowale Olaniran; Ozah Hosea Peter. Status of Sanitation Facilities and Hygiene Practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2019, 7(3), 65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12

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    AMA Style

    Ibiang Arikpo Oka, Nurudeen Sobowale Olaniran, Ozah Hosea Peter. Status of Sanitation Facilities and Hygiene Practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Eur J Prev Med. 2019;7(3):65-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12,
      author = {Ibiang Arikpo Oka and Nurudeen Sobowale Olaniran and Ozah Hosea Peter},
      title = {Status of Sanitation Facilities and Hygiene Practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {65-70},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20190703.12},
      abstract = {The study was a descriptive study, designed to describe the status of sanitation facilities and hygiene practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Five communities were selected by simple random sampling for the study. Multi-stage random sampling technique which involved four stages was used to select 410 households and structured questionnaire, observation and key-informant interview were used for data collection. The statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS version 20) and MS Excel (2010) were used for data analysis. Results from the study shows that 46.1% of respondents used borehole water as main source of water. Basic types of toilet facilities available in the studied communities were inadequate and substandard; this further compound the already existing poor sanitation and unsafe hygiene practices (26.6% traditional pit latrine). Approximately 52.9% of respondents had handwashing stand to wash hands after defecating while 5.4% used basin with tap for handwashing. 53.9% of respondents washed hands with water only, while 45.6% of respondents washed hands with soap. The lack of access to potable water supply and toilet facilities could affect the general hygiene status of the communities. It was recommended among others that the government should provide more basic sanitary facilities and adequate potable water. Good personal and community hygiene requires sufficient water and basic sanitary facilities.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Status of Sanitation Facilities and Hygiene Practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria
    AU  - Ibiang Arikpo Oka
    AU  - Nurudeen Sobowale Olaniran
    AU  - Ozah Hosea Peter
    Y1  - 2019/07/26
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 65
    EP  - 70
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190703.12
    AB  - The study was a descriptive study, designed to describe the status of sanitation facilities and hygiene practices in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Five communities were selected by simple random sampling for the study. Multi-stage random sampling technique which involved four stages was used to select 410 households and structured questionnaire, observation and key-informant interview were used for data collection. The statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS version 20) and MS Excel (2010) were used for data analysis. Results from the study shows that 46.1% of respondents used borehole water as main source of water. Basic types of toilet facilities available in the studied communities were inadequate and substandard; this further compound the already existing poor sanitation and unsafe hygiene practices (26.6% traditional pit latrine). Approximately 52.9% of respondents had handwashing stand to wash hands after defecating while 5.4% used basin with tap for handwashing. 53.9% of respondents washed hands with water only, while 45.6% of respondents washed hands with soap. The lack of access to potable water supply and toilet facilities could affect the general hygiene status of the communities. It was recommended among others that the government should provide more basic sanitary facilities and adequate potable water. Good personal and community hygiene requires sufficient water and basic sanitary facilities.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Microbiology, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria

  • Department of Public Health, Babcock University, Illishan-Remo, Nigeria

  • Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

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