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Prevalence of Diarrhoea Disease Among Infants in an Urban and a Rural Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study

Received: 10 March 2016     Accepted: 21 March 2016     Published: 5 April 2016
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Abstract

Introduction: Diarrhoea is the 10th most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the developing countries, though it is regarded as a minor illness in developed countries. The burden of diarrhoea in the developing world has been estimated by the world health organisation (WHO) to be about 1.7x109 episodes of diarrhoea with 4.4 million children per year. This accounts for 15 to 30% of total outpatient visits in many paediatrics clinics. Aim: To determine the prevalence of diarrhoea disease among infants and compare the risk factors for diarrhoea in infants in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. An interviewer-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was utilized. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 20. Frequencies and percentages were presented in tables. Chi square test of independence was used to determine association between qualitative variables. Level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Result: Two hundred and ninety one respondents participated in this study. There were 143 respondents in the urban LGA and 148 respondents in the rural LGA. In the urban LGA, Out of the 143 infants, 73 (51.0%) were males while 70 (49.0%) were females. Also in the rural LGA there were more males (50.7%). This difference was not statistically significant. Out of 143 respondents in the urban LGA 65 (45.5%) has had diarrhoea but in the rural LGA, out of 148 respondents, 95 (64.2%) have had diarrhoea. This difference was statistically significant. In the urban LGA 46.2% of the mothers whose infants have had diarrhoea practiced exclusive breast feeding, while in the rural LGA only 26.3% of the mothers whose infants have had diarrhoea practiced exclusive breast feeding. This difference was not statistically significant. Among the mothers of the urban infants that have had diarrhoea, 93.8% reported that they practice hand washing after handling child’s faeces, but in the rural LGA, only 80.0% reported that they practice hand washing. This difference was statistically significant. Among the urban mothers whose infants had diarrhoea, 92.3% wash their hands before meals, but among the rural mothers, only 89% wash their hands before meals. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Diarrhoea prevalence was higher among infants in the rural LGA. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced more in the urban than in the rural LGA. We recommended that health education should be intensified in the rural areas.

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11
Page(s) 56-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prevalence, Diarrhoea, Infants

References
[1] Azubike JC, Kanu. E. O. Nkamginieme. disorders of gastrointestinal tract. Paediatrics and Child Health in a Tropical Region, Second edition. 2007; 275-277.
[2] Araoye M. O, Research Methodology with statistics for health and social science. First edition. Natuadex publishers, Ilorin 2003; 118.
[3] Yalgwan CS, Okolo SN. Prevalence of diarrhea disease and risk factors in Jos university Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine 2012. 11(4): 217-21
[4] Teklemichael Gebru, Mohammed Taha and Wondwosen Kassahum. Risk factors of diarrhea disease in under-five children among health extension model and non-model families in Sheko district rural community, Southwest Ethiopia: Comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014, 14: 395.
[5] Fefkrdous F, Da Sk, Ahmed S, Farzana FD, Malek MA, Das J, latham JR, Faruque AS, Christi MJ. Diarrhoea in slum children: observation from a large diarrhoeal disease hospital in Dhaka, bangledash. Pubmed 2014: 19(10) 1170-6
[6] Seema Mihrshahi, Wendy H Oddy, Jennifer K peat and Iqbal kabir. Association between infants feeding patterns and diarrhoeal and respiratory illness. A cohort study in Chittagong, Bangledash. google International breastfeeding journal 2008.24; 3:28
[7] Curtis C, Cairncross S. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3: 275–81.
[8] Shahid NS, Greenough WB, Samadi AR, Huq MI, Rahman N. Hand washing with Soap reduces diarrhoea and spread of bacterial pathogens in a Bangladesh village. Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, 1996, 14(2): 85-89.
[9] Victoria CG, Smith PG, Vaughan JP, Nobre LC, Lombardi C, Teixeira AM, Fuchs SC, Moreira LB, Gigante LP, Barros FC. Water supply, sanitation and housing in relation to the risk of infant mortality from diarrhea. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1988; 17 (3): 651-4.
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    Azuike Emmanuel Chukwunonye, Nwabueze Simeon Achunam, Adinma Echendu Dolly, Udedibia Ifeanyi Ndubuisi, Onyemachi Prince Ezenwa, et al. (2016). Prevalence of Diarrhoea Disease Among Infants in an Urban and a Rural Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(3), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11

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    ACS Style

    Azuike Emmanuel Chukwunonye; Nwabueze Simeon Achunam; Adinma Echendu Dolly; Udedibia Ifeanyi Ndubuisi; Onyemachi Prince Ezenwa, et al. Prevalence of Diarrhoea Disease Among Infants in an Urban and a Rural Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2016, 4(3), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11

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    AMA Style

    Azuike Emmanuel Chukwunonye, Nwabueze Simeon Achunam, Adinma Echendu Dolly, Udedibia Ifeanyi Ndubuisi, Onyemachi Prince Ezenwa, et al. Prevalence of Diarrhoea Disease Among Infants in an Urban and a Rural Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study. Eur J Prev Med. 2016;4(3):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11,
      author = {Azuike Emmanuel Chukwunonye and Nwabueze Simeon Achunam and Adinma Echendu Dolly and Udedibia Ifeanyi Ndubuisi and Onyemachi Prince Ezenwa and Igwebike Uchenna Nwanneka and Aniemena Reginald Chidozie and Ezenyeaku Chijioke Amara and Emerenini Ikenna},
      title = {Prevalence of Diarrhoea Disease Among Infants in an Urban and a Rural Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {56-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20160403.11},
      abstract = {Introduction: Diarrhoea is the 10th most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the developing countries, though it is regarded as a minor illness in developed countries. The burden of diarrhoea in the developing world has been estimated by the world health organisation (WHO) to be about 1.7x109 episodes of diarrhoea with 4.4 million children per year. This accounts for 15 to 30% of total outpatient visits in many paediatrics clinics. Aim: To determine the prevalence of diarrhoea disease among infants and compare the risk factors for diarrhoea in infants in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. An interviewer-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was utilized. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 20. Frequencies and percentages were presented in tables. Chi square test of independence was used to determine association between qualitative variables. Level of statistical significance was set at p Result: Two hundred and ninety one respondents participated in this study. There were 143 respondents in the urban LGA and 148 respondents in the rural LGA. In the urban LGA, Out of the 143 infants, 73 (51.0%) were males while 70 (49.0%) were females. Also in the rural LGA there were more males (50.7%). This difference was not statistically significant. Out of 143 respondents in the urban LGA 65 (45.5%) has had diarrhoea but in the rural LGA, out of 148 respondents, 95 (64.2%) have had diarrhoea. This difference was statistically significant. In the urban LGA 46.2% of the mothers whose infants have had diarrhoea practiced exclusive breast feeding, while in the rural LGA only 26.3% of the mothers whose infants have had diarrhoea practiced exclusive breast feeding. This difference was not statistically significant. Among the mothers of the urban infants that have had diarrhoea, 93.8% reported that they practice hand washing after handling child’s faeces, but in the rural LGA, only 80.0% reported that they practice hand washing. This difference was statistically significant. Among the urban mothers whose infants had diarrhoea, 92.3% wash their hands before meals, but among the rural mothers, only 89% wash their hands before meals. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Diarrhoea prevalence was higher among infants in the rural LGA. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced more in the urban than in the rural LGA. We recommended that health education should be intensified in the rural areas.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence of Diarrhoea Disease Among Infants in an Urban and a Rural Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study
    AU  - Azuike Emmanuel Chukwunonye
    AU  - Nwabueze Simeon Achunam
    AU  - Adinma Echendu Dolly
    AU  - Udedibia Ifeanyi Ndubuisi
    AU  - Onyemachi Prince Ezenwa
    AU  - Igwebike Uchenna Nwanneka
    AU  - Aniemena Reginald Chidozie
    AU  - Ezenyeaku Chijioke Amara
    AU  - Emerenini Ikenna
    Y1  - 2016/04/05
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 56
    EP  - 60
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20160403.11
    AB  - Introduction: Diarrhoea is the 10th most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the developing countries, though it is regarded as a minor illness in developed countries. The burden of diarrhoea in the developing world has been estimated by the world health organisation (WHO) to be about 1.7x109 episodes of diarrhoea with 4.4 million children per year. This accounts for 15 to 30% of total outpatient visits in many paediatrics clinics. Aim: To determine the prevalence of diarrhoea disease among infants and compare the risk factors for diarrhoea in infants in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. An interviewer-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was utilized. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 20. Frequencies and percentages were presented in tables. Chi square test of independence was used to determine association between qualitative variables. Level of statistical significance was set at p Result: Two hundred and ninety one respondents participated in this study. There were 143 respondents in the urban LGA and 148 respondents in the rural LGA. In the urban LGA, Out of the 143 infants, 73 (51.0%) were males while 70 (49.0%) were females. Also in the rural LGA there were more males (50.7%). This difference was not statistically significant. Out of 143 respondents in the urban LGA 65 (45.5%) has had diarrhoea but in the rural LGA, out of 148 respondents, 95 (64.2%) have had diarrhoea. This difference was statistically significant. In the urban LGA 46.2% of the mothers whose infants have had diarrhoea practiced exclusive breast feeding, while in the rural LGA only 26.3% of the mothers whose infants have had diarrhoea practiced exclusive breast feeding. This difference was not statistically significant. Among the mothers of the urban infants that have had diarrhoea, 93.8% reported that they practice hand washing after handling child’s faeces, but in the rural LGA, only 80.0% reported that they practice hand washing. This difference was statistically significant. Among the urban mothers whose infants had diarrhoea, 92.3% wash their hands before meals, but among the rural mothers, only 89% wash their hands before meals. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Diarrhoea prevalence was higher among infants in the rural LGA. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced more in the urban than in the rural LGA. We recommended that health education should be intensified in the rural areas.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

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